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The name Schouten comes from people who were either a 'schout' or their father was a 'schout'. A 'schout' was 1. A town or city functionary who was responsible mainly for keeping the peace and headed the justice department.
2. The head of a early Dutch township, also called a 'dijkgraaf'.
3. Sometimes the name might have come from an flag officer of the Navy, called a 'Schout by nacht' (schout by night) and is ranked under vice admiral.
Most names 'Schouten' and its variations come from the first two, and have many different families not related to each other. The earliest mention of the name Schouten was a Willem Gijsbert Schoutenz in 1368, son of Gijsbert Dirk Schoutens, son of Dirk die Scout. This last person was probably a 'dijkgraaf'. (source: J.C.Kort, 'Grafelijke lenen in Rhijnland 1222-1650, 1989, p357)
Some of al this information comes from the website: http://www.meertens.nl where about 15 different persons are mentioned, all unrelated, and from different places as being the start of a Schouten family name.
Hopes this explains a bit.
I myself come from a family whose forefather was a 'schout' (as in #1.) in Ammerstol in South Holland, The Netherlands, and Schouten was first mentioned as a surname by the children of: Arien Theunisz Waert,born around 1600, Schout in Ammerstol 1631.
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