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There are a few facts that lead me to another preliminary conclusion:
1. Antonio Arnaldo Sallaberry Calloir died approx. 1840 or 1841. He owned the Hacienda María Luisa with about sixty slaves. His widow, surnamed Espinosa, inherited the hacienda.
2. A family tree entitled "Santiago-Rivera Family Tree#2" lists Joaquina as "Joaquina (Sallaberry)-Espinosa". On this family tree, when the first surname appears within parenthesis, it means this was the paternal surname, but the child was not recognized (illegitimate child, etc.). The father was listed as Alexandre Sallaberry. Mother unknown.
3. Joaquina is listed as mulatto, unlike her Sallaberry Safini siblings.
4. In the 1910 census, Joaquina is listed as Joaquina Espinosa, sister of Víctor Sallaberry Safini.
My preliminary hypothesis is that Alexandre Sallaberry fathered a child with a slave from the Hacienda María Luisa, then property of Ms. Espinosa. Since it is customary for slaves to adopt their slavemaster's surname, it would be expected that Joaquina would be Espinosa.
In addition to Joaquina, Alexandre Sallaberry also fathered a set of illegitimate slave twins, Marcelino (1869-1926) and Marcial Rodríguez (1869-1950), born out of wedlock, with Domitila Rodríguez. Domitila Rodríguez was a slave of Andrés Avelino Rodríguez (1828-1892), a Catholic priest. Marcelino and Marcial are also listed as mulatto in some documents.
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