My Hertel pioneer ancestor
Hi, I am posting the data and notes that I have for some of my pioneer ancestors, in hopes that they may be of interest to some of you that are doing research on your ancestors.
Descendants of Nicolas Hertel
Compiled by Janet Manseau Donaldson
Generation No. 1
1.Nicolas1 Hertel was born about 1580 in Normandie, France.He married Jeanne Miriot.She was born about 1580 in Normandie, France.
Child of Nicolas Hertel and Jeanne Miriot is:
+ 2 i. Jacques2 Hertel, Sieur de LaFresniere, born about 1600 in Fecamp, Rouen Normandie, France; died 10 Aug 1651 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC.
Generation No. 2
2.Jacques2 Hertel, Sieur de LaFresniere (Nicolas1) was born about 1600 in Fecamp, Rouen Normandie, France, and died 10 Aug 1651 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC.He married Marie LaMarguerite/Marguerie 23 Aug 1641 in Unknown (presumed Trois Rivières, St. Maurice), QC (ct Piraube), daughter of Francois LaMarguerite/Marguerie and Marthe Roman.She was born 12 Sep 1620 in St. Vincent, Rouen, Normandie, France, and died 24 Nov 1700 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC.
Notes for Jacques Hertel, Sieur de LaFresniere:
His grandson Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville was born in 1668 in the French colony of New France. His father and his brothers all sought honor and advancement by serving as officers in the French Troupes de la Marine. Jean Baptiste was a 35-year old Lieutenant in the French troupes de la marine when he assumed command of the 300-plus member expedition against the English outpost of Deerfield in 1704. The raiding party apparently also included three or four brothers (probably René Hertel de Chambly, age 29; Lambert Hertel, age 27; Pierre Hertel de Moncours, age 17; and perhaps Michel Hertel, age 19.) Although he was wounded in the arm, Jean Baptiste survived the raid and returned to New France, where the French government rewarded his efforts by promoting him to captain. Hertel married twice. His first wife, Jeanne Dubois, died after two years of marriage in 1700. He was remarried in 1708 to Marie-Anne Baudouin, the daughter of a Québec doctor. His father, Joseph-François was ennobled in 1716, making the Hertel family the eleventh and final family in New France to receive this honor. The French Crown rewarded Hertel's continued military service with the Cross of St. Louis in 1721. Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville died the following year, at the age of 54.
I have not included all members of this family because Jacques Hertel was not my ancestor, his wife Marie LaMarguerite was with her first husband.
Notes for Marie LaMarguerite/Marguerie:
"Filles à Marier", page 217, Marie LaMarguerite was baptized 12 September 1620 in the parish of Saint-Vincent in Rouen, Normandie, the last of eight children of merchant, paddle maker and bourgeois Francois Marguerie and Marthe Romain. Her godparents were Nicolas Duchemin and Marie Marguerie. Marie's father is the third of five children of maréchal Thomas Marguerie and Marie Houllevicque from the parish of Saint-Maclou in Rouen. Her mother was baptized 25 July 1589 in the parish of Saint-Vincent in Rouen, the second child of tailor Nicolas Romain and an unknown wife (godparents: Jehan Cinole, Marthe Brice and Catherine de Crément). Marie arrived in New France as a single girl in 1639, following her brother François, an explorer and companion of Champlain, who lived at Trois Rivières and was clerk and interpreter for the Compagnie de La Nouvelle-France.
On 23 August 1641, notary Piraubé drew up a marriage contract between Marie and Jacques Hertel, Sieur de La Fresnière at Trois Rivières. Marie could not sign the contract.It is not known if her husband could sign the document.This marriage contract stated that she was bringing to the marriage community the considerable dowry of 650 livres. ( In the 1700 one livres was worth 20 cents in the USA.In the year 2000 in the USA one livre would be worth $14.25.Today her dowry would be worth about $9,263.
Her first husband Jacques Hertel was born in Fécamp (near Le Havre, archdiocese of Rouen) in the Pays de Caux region of Normandie, the son of Nicolas Hertel and Jeanne Miriot. He came to Canada as a soldier about 1626. During the occupation of Québec by the Kirke brothers, François lived among the Algonquins. Perhaps as recompense for his loyalty and service maintaining good relations with the Amerindians, the Compagnie des Cent Associés granted Jacques the fief of Hertel at Trois Rivières (200 arpents) on 02 December 1633 and the arrière-fief of l'Arbre-à-la-Croix at Cap-de-La-Madeleine on 05 April 1644. Jacques was an Indian interpreter for the Jesuits at Trois Rivières and was syndic of habitants in 1647. On 16 April 1647, Jacques was granted the seigniory of Cournoyer near Gentilly.
Jacques Hertel, Sieur de La Fresnière died 10 August 1651 at Trois Rivières (in what is believed to be an accident) and was buried in a chapel adjoining the parish church, which he had built at his own expense two years earlier as thanks to God for sparing Trois Rivières from an Iroquois attack. Marie inherited half of the arriere-fief of l'Arbre-à-la-Croix and her children inherited the other half.
Their son François Joseph Hertel de Moncour: (1642 - 1722)was later known as the "Hero of Trois-Rivières".He was captured by Iroquois warriors, tortured and eventually adopted by an elderly Mohawk woman (Mohawk was one of the five Iroquois nations).He was there for two years, when he escaped back to Canada. In 1690 he organized three war parties into the British colonies, leading the party of 25 Canadian (also warriors of allied tribes) on an attack at Salmon Falls, NH. Reaching the target on 27th of March, they killed 42 English and took 54 prisoners. While on there return journey they were pursued by a British party which led to an action in which his nephew (Louis Crevier) was killed.]Francois had assisted in the construction of Fort Frontenac in 1673 and was the French military commander at Fort Frontenac from 1709 to 1712. He and his sons were known for their many brutal attacks on the English colonies.He was an interpreter and became a lieutenant réforme (half-pay lieutenant) in 1691.
Their grandson Jean Baptiste Hertel de Rouville: (1668 - 1722), the son of Francois (Joseph) Hertel & Marguerite de Thavenet, was knighted (Chevalier de Saint-Louis) & obtained the commission to Captain in 1713. He became known as the "Sacker of Deerfield" due to his raid on that English settlement in 1704. The raid in Deerfield Mass. was one of the biggest raids by the French and Indians against the English.At this time Canada was a French government undertaking.Inherent in all such is the need for progress reports, "body counts," and such documentation establishing the benefits to the government for its financial support.The New Englanders had been pressing on the Abenakis of Maine. They demanded the French show their sincerity by an attack on the English. "Thus this representative of a Christian nation, sent an army through the wilderness, not to fight an English force, but to surprise and butcher the settlers of an English plantation three hundred miles away, merely to keep on good terms with a savage tribe, and gratify his own ambition.It was an act of hardly less than cold-blooded murder."
About 1652, Marie married her second husband Quentin Moral, Sieur de Saint-Quentin at Trois Rivières.Again, no marriage contract has been found for this union, though it is known that Marie's second husband could sign his name.
Marie Marguerie died 24 November 1700 and was buried two days later at Trois Rivières next to the body of first husband Jacques Hertel, according to her wishes.For the last 50 years of her life, she had been in charge of the sacristy at Trois Rivières.
Children of Jacques Hertel and Marie LaMarguerite/Marguerie are:
+ 3 i. Francois3 Hertel, born 03 Jul 1642 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died 29 May 1722 in Boucherville, QC.
+ 4 ii. Marie-Madeleine Hertel, born 02 Sep 1645 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died Bef. 25 Nov 1680 in Unknown, QC.
5 iii. Marguerite Hertel, born 26 Aug 1649 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died 25 Dec 1711 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.She married Jean Crevier 26 Nov 1663 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; born 03 Apr 1642 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died Bet. 12 Apr 1693 - 29 Apr 1697 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.
Generation No. 3
3.Francois3 Hertel (Jacques2, Nicolas1) was born 03 Jul 1642 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC, and died 29 May 1722 in Boucherville, QC.He married Marguerite-Josephe Thavenet 02 Sep 1664 in Montréal, QC.She was born about 1645 in Bourges Berry, France, and died 16 Sep 1708 in Chambly, QC.
Notes for Francois Hertel:
He was baptized 03 July 1642 at Trois Rivières, the son of Jacques Hertel, Sieur de La Fresnière and "Filles à Marier", Marie Marguerie.
François and Marguerite-Josèphe had 12 children. Their daughter Marie-Françoise became Mother Saint-Exupère with the Ursulines of Trois Rivières.
François was an interpreter and became a lieutenant réforme (half-pay lieutenant) in 1691. Shortly before 11 October 1694, Marguerite-Josèphe inherited the seigniory of Chambly from her sister Marie-Françoise, who had received it from Jacques de Chambly on 11 May 1679 (she had been engaged to Chambly, whose superior officers refused him permission to marry). François was ennobled in 1716 (letters registered 23 November). He inherited the seigniory of Cournoyer near Gentilly, which his father had been granted 16 April 1647.
François Hertel died 29 May 1722 at Boucherville, where he was buried two days later.
In 1704 his son Jean Baptiste led the raid, with the Indians, on English in Deerfield Mass.
Notes for Marguerite-Josephe Thavenet:
"Filles à Marier", page 289, Marguerite-Josèphe Thavenetwas born about 1645 in Bourges, Beny, the daughter of nobleman Raymond de Thavenet, captain of the Brinon Regiment and Elisabeth de Manselin. She is noted at Montréal on 26 April 1663, thus placing her arrival in Canada some time in 1662, earlier than that of the first Filles du Roi.
On 02 September 1664, Marguerite-Josephe married François Hertel in Montréal.Though no marriage contract has been found for this couple, it is known that both spouses could sign their names.
Marguerite-Josèphe Thavenet died 16 September 1708 and was buried the next day at Chambly.
Child of Francois Hertel and Marguerite-Josephe Thavenet is:
6 i. Jean-Baptiste4 Hertel, The Sacker if Deerfield", born 26 Oct 1668 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died 30 Jun 1722 in Port Dauphin, Île Royale, Terre Neuve, Canada.He married Jeanne Dubois 23 Nov 1698 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice Co., QC; born 16 Jun 1683 in Québec City, QC; died 13 May 1700 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC.
4.Marie-Madeleine3 Hertel (Jacques2, Nicolas1) was born 02 Sep 1645 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC, and died Bef. 25 Nov 1680 in Unknown, QC.She married Louis Pinard 29 Oct 1658 in Immaculee Conception, Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC (ct 11 Jun 1657, Ameau), son of Jean-Francois Pinard and Marguerite Gaigneur.He was born 12 Jul 1634 in Ste. Marguerite de La Rochelle, Aunis,(Charente-Maritime),France, and died 12 Jan 1695 in Batiscan, Champlain, QC.
Notes for Marie-Madeleine Hertel:
Louis Pinard's first wife Marie Madeleine Hertel comes from a famous French family.
Notes for Louis Pinard:
He was first recorded in Québec on 8 Sep 1647.In the 1666 census of Les Trois Rivières he was 30 and his first wife Marie Madeleine Hertel was 20.Their two year old daughter Marie Magdelaine was listed with them.In 1666 and 1667 he was a master surgeon in Cap de Madeleine.His second wife Marie Ursule was listed with her parents in 1666.In the 1681 census he was in Champlain with his second wife.The approximate ages of his children were taken from the 1681 census.
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Notes for Louis Pinard:
Louis PINARD was born in July 1634 in the parish of Ste. Marguerite, La Rochelle, Aunis. He died in January 1695 in Batiscan at the age of 60. He arrived in Canada around 1658 as a master surgeon. The 1666 census of the Trois Rivières area by Talon, lists him as a habitant and master surgeon and able to sign. His wife, Marie-Madeleine HERTEL, was also able to sign. At the time, there was a one-year old daughter in the household.
Louis PINARD married Canadian-born Marie-Madeleine HERTEL in Trois Rivières in October 1658. He was 24 and she was 13 years old. Although 13 at the time of her marriage, she did not have her first child until she was 19. It was customary in New France, at this time, to not consummate a marriage until the woman was at least 16. After her death around 1679, he remarried. His second wife was Ursule Pepin.
Marie-Madeleine HERTEL was born in September 1645 in Trois Rivières. Her brother, Francois Hertel born in 1642 participated in the French & Indian wars and is considered a hero by Canadians. He was responsible for many of the successful raids on the western Massachusetts population. Francois was captured by the Iroquois in 1658. Her uncle, Francois Marguerie was an interpreter and explorer and companion of Champlain. He drowned in 1646 while crossing the St Lawrence River at Trois Rivières.
Louis Pinard and Marie-Madeleine Hertel had six children. The oldest son, Claude born in 1667 received permission to travel west in August 1691. The west, in this case, was probably no further than the Great Lakes. To control the fur trading and collect appropriate taxes, the French government issued passports (permits), a form of license. They were difficult to acquire since in many years, only 25 were issued. To conduct fur trading or to travel west without a passport was considered illegal and subject to punishment, most often fines or the confiscation of furs.
[Excerpt from "Our French Canadian Ancestors, Thomas John LaForest]
Louis Pinard made his first trip to Canada around 1648 as a "donne" of the Jesuits. At that time it was customary for the Jesuits to be accompanied by young men on their trips to the interior to meet with the native people. In return for the service of these boys, the Fathers saw to their education. He returned to France in 1650 to complete his studies. Through this first experience in Canadian territory Louis should be numbered among the founders of the mission Ste-Marie on the banks of Georgian Bay, what is now, Midland Ontario. He must have known Fathers Jean de Breboeuf and Gabriel Lalemant, who were martyred there in the spring of 1649. The constant Iroquois raids forced the French to abandon this Huron mission, whose ruins lay forgotten for three centuries. Recently this historic site has been restored and is today a National Park.
Louis Pinard's patrons, having most likely discovered in him a natural talent for medicine and surgery, had him return to France at the age of 16 or 17 in order to learn the art of Hippocrates. Returning to Canada about 1656, young Doctor Pinard exhibited all the competence of a master surgeon. His future bride, Marie-Madeleine Hertel was not quite 12 years old when the marriage contract was written up. It is probably why Louis had to wait 2 years later to be married. By virtue of his being the surgeon of the garrison, Pinard was already in a position to provide a comfortable living for his wife and children. In addition he always looked out for himself even if he had to bleed some clients white to do so. Pinard was a grasping man who did not hesitate to appeal to justice when his interests were at stake. The civil and criminal court records from 1660 to 1665 eloquently demonstrate this. His name is mentioned 32 times in the Court Records of Trois Rivières, 1655-1662. See General Notes Chapter. On two occasions in 1663, Pinard sued his colleague, Dr. Michel Gemelain whose rivalry he dreaded. In spite of the cease and desist injunction from the Sovereign Council in 1663, he did not end his accusations.
"Realizing that the struggle with Louis Pinard would be endless, Gamelain, perhaps on the advice of his mother-in-law, Madame Crevier, put his knowledge of medicine to the service of an industry much more practical and flourishing -- the distillation of brandy."
Pinard's son Claude, later went on to marry his arch rival's daughter, Francoise Gamelain. We are also related to both these men although, in our case, the families did not come together until a couple of generations later.
Pinard excelled in collecting debts. Several records show his relentlessness involving collecting money from the church, military and even nobility. Even though he may have been tough in his business dealings, the people of Trois Rivières had confidence in him. They elected him to the posts of town mayor and church warden. After 1670, Pinard became interested in the fur trade. In 1685 he took part in an expedition to Hudson Bay, returning home the following year.
While it is true that Louis Pinard was 24 years and Marie-Madeleine Hertel was 13 years at the time of their marriage, their first child wasn't born until Marie-Madeleine was 19. It was customary in New France that a marriage with such a young bride would not be consummated until the wife was about 16 years old.
Children of Marie-Madeleine Hertel and Louis Pinard are:
7 i. Marie-Francoise4 Pinard, born 15 Nov 1664 in St. Francois du Lac St. Pierre, Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died 19 Dec 1743 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.She married Martin Giguere-dit-Despins 07 May 1682 in St. Francois du Lac, Sorel,QC; born 02 Jan 1655 in Québec City, QC.
8 ii. Claude Pinard, born about 1667 in St. Francois du Lac St. Pierre, QC; died 19 Apr 1748 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.He married Francoise Gamelin 10 Oct 1694 in Unknown, QC; born about 1672 in Unknown, QC; died 28 Dec 1757 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.
Notes for Claude Pinard:
He was a surgeon.
9 iii. Louis Pinard-dit-Lauzier, born about 1669 in St. Francois du Lac St. Pierre, QC; died 19 May 1731 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.He married Marie-Madeleine Renoux-dit-Lachapelle 24 Nov 1698 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC; born 23 Jun 1684 in Trois Rivières, St. Maurice, QC; died 30 May 1771 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.
10 iv. Marguerite Pinard, born about 1672 in St. Francois du Lac St. Pierre, QC; died 25 Oct 1742 in Québec City, QC.She married Francois Raiche/Reiche/Resche 18 Feb 1692 in Québec City, QC; born about 1667 in Languedoc, France; died 24 Jun 1727 in Québec City, QC.
11 v. Marie-Angelique Pinard, born about 1677 in Unknown, QC; died 18 Mar 1732 in Sorel, Richelieu, QC.She married (1) Jean Niquette about 1697 in Unknown, QC; born about 1672 in Unknown, QC; died 11 Aug 1703 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC.She married (2) Andre Bonin-dti-Delisle 26 Oct 1705 in St. François du Lac, Yamaska, QC; born about 1654 in La Rochelle, Aunis, France; died 20 Apr 1714 in Montréal, QC.
My resources are limited because I live in Oregon.I hope that you use this information only as a guide.I welcome corrections and additions from anyone that has access to the original files.
Originally I paid a genealogy society to trace the direct lines for 6 of my 8 great grandparents.They used the books that were compiled by volunteers for each parish.Because so many individuals had the same name, I eventually found some errors in these books.Then I used Tanguay and found out that he may be about 75% right and Jette (that goes to 1730) is about 90% right.Then just as I thought that I was finished, I found PRDH (University of Montreal) and I believe that they may be 98% right and still make corrections to their records.They go up to 1799 for marriage contracts and 1850 for some deaths.Some people have the luxury of having the original records at their disposal.I do not have that and with 17,000 individuals in my data base, I can not afford to pay for copies of all the originals.At that point I confirmed every that I had with the records at PRDH. Whenever I say “about” for a birth date it means that PRDH did not find it or if it is in the 1800s, I did not look it up because of my lack of resources.
PRDH uses the most common spelling variation for the names.This makes it easier to trace the families.They do not always use the original name that appears on the contracts or birth records.That is ok with me, because many individuals before the 1900s could not sign their names and did not even care how others spelt it.As a result the same person’s name took on a variety of spellings.I also kept the “dit” (aka) names because eventually brothers from the same family, picked a different aka name.
As for the pioneers, I also used Peter Gagné’s English books on the single girls that arrived in New France between 1634 & 1662 and his book on the single girls that are referred to as the King’s Daughters that arrived between 1663 & 1673.These girls were recruited and paid by the King to go to New France (Québec) to get married and colonize the area.
Most of my information for the 1800-1900s comes from people on the web.The program that I use does not allow for baptismal dates, so if I don’t have a birth date, I use the baptismal date.The same goes for death vs. burial dates and actual wedding vs. contract dates.The newer programs have these features, but I will not be going through 17,000 records to make the changes.
It is like I said in the beginning; use this information as a guide only.I view genealogy as a hobby and not as pure science.
As for the stories, I got them all in French on the web and I translated them for my grandchildren.I had not read or spoken French in over 40 years, so it was difficult and may not be the best translation.
Enjoy, Janet