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The relevant documents are on-line:
The marriage bond:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hank-lincoln.jpg
The Letters to Herndon from Dennis and John "Rail-Splitter" Hanks:
http://www.gwyneddfriends.org/herndonmain.htm
After reading these letters it appears that the mother of Nancy Hanks was the Lucy Hanks (spinster) accused of having a child out of wedlock in the court records of Mercer Co., KY, 24 Nov 1789 (five years after Nancy's birth and more than a year before her marriage to Henry Sparrow, April 03, 1791, in Mercer Co., KY).
The Verduin hypothesis (Joseph of Nelson Co., KY, this hypothesis is actually from the nineteenth century and one of those investigated by the Historian Louis Warren):
http://durer.press.illinois.edu/wilson/html/779.html
It is consistent with the y DNA evidence (not proof - there are other possibilities.)
See also:
http://genforum.genealogy.com/cgi-bin/pageload.cgi?royce::hanks::1305.html
and read the whole thread.
Baber's hypothesis
http://hanksforthememories.homestead.com/HistoryofHanksfamily.html
Since this line goes through William Hanks and Hester Mills (Group 2 y DNA) it seems to be discredited - however see http://genforum.genealogy.com/cgi-bin/pageload.cgi?royce::hanks::2019.html for more about Abraham Hanks - this line may be unsettled.
Berks Co., Pennsylvania variant of the Joseph Hanks of Nelson Co., KY, hypothesis:
Jenkins' version:
http://www.gwyneddfriends.org/jenkinschapter22.htm
Thelma Windham's version:
http://genforum.genealogy.com/outlaws/messages/11688.html
No y DNA evidence so far one way or the other.
If you like this, let Nancy Royce try to talk you out of it (ha)
Sturgill hypothesis
Through a William Hanks m. Hester Mills line, so discredited by the y DNA evidence.
Lincoln Co., NC
y DNA shows this line is unrelated to Nancy Hanks, mother of the President.
Maryland line
some oral history claims of relationship in the Bedford Co., PA offshoot of this line.
Consistent with the y DNA evidence (not proof, just not eliminated)
The Shipley hypothesis originated with Charlotte Vawter, a great-great niece of Richard Berry.
There is a strong likelihood that Nancy Hanks grew up in the home of Richard and Rachel (Shipley) Berry, but no evidence that Nancy was related to them other than Mrs. Vawter's recollections, some of which can be demonstrated to be false.
http://durer.press.illinois.edu/wilson/html/584.html
Barton's version of the Shipley hypothesis:
http://books.google.com/books?id=ZOZBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA272#v=onepage&q&f=false
And there are other possibilities...
y DNA results:
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/HanksDNAProject/default.aspx?section=yresults
y DNA family trees to make sense of results:
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/HanksDNAProject/default.aspx?section=results
Descendants of William Hanks (m. Eliz. Hall, father of John the Rail-Splitter) are in Group 1 which includes the Maryland line and some, but not all of the Richmond Co., VA lines.
J. Quinn
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