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I received this today after sending your information to Carol, my cousin from Kristine Kromann Rasmussen
Kromann Family in Denmark
[Notes by Carol Peak, July 2009]
Lissa, Is it possible to fill in blanks or is that too big a request. Maybe find out what happened to Ane
Part I: Skaerbaek, Tonder County
It appears that our Kromann family lived in the parish of Skaerbaek in Denmark during the 1700s. The 1803 census (recorded in German) tells us a lot:
( from http://www.ddd.dda.dk/d4/dddweb/asp/vis_husstand_uk.asp )
(written in the German language)
(Tonder County, Hviding District, Skaerbaek Parish, place name: Skaerbaek)
Toender, Hviding, Skærbæk, Dorfs Scherrebeck, Household/Family # 9, FT-1803
Name: Age: Marital status: Occupation in household: Occupation: Birth place:
Hans Steffensen?? 66 Verheir. Hausvat. Inste
Kiesten Jenses 52 Verheir. Frau
Jens Hansen 9 Sohn
Niels Kroemann 65 Verheir. Hausv. Hauerl.
Anna Maria Nielses 58 Verheir. Frau
Above refers to our earliest known Kromann ancestors, Niels Kromand (born about 1738) and his wife Anne Maria Nielsdatter (born about 1745).
Toender, Hviding, Skærbæk, Dorfs Scherrebeck, Household/Family # 11, FT-1803
Name: Age: Marital status: Occupation in household: Occupation: Birth place:
Niels Jensen 31 Verheir. Hausv. Inste
Anna Lauses 35 Verheir. Frau
Anna Nia 6 Kinder
Anders 3 Kinder
Lars Kroemann 36 Verheir. Hausv. Hauerl. abwes.
Metta Hanses 43 Verheir. Frau
Hans Christian 6 Kinder
Niels Kroemann 2 Kinder
Above refers to a son of Niels and Anne, Lars Kromann (born about 1767) and his wife Mette Hansdatter (born about 1760). Their son Hans Christian Kromann (b. 1798) is our ancestor.
Note: in 1834, a man named Lars Kroemand, 63, married, day laborer, and his wife Karen Pedersdatter, 58, married, his wife, lived in the large household of Mathias Jacobsen Huundswit, 29, “laver traetofter.” This was in the Skaerbaek district in GESING, which is on the southwest side of Skaerbaek. It was household number 5. This might be our Lars Nielsen Kromand #3468, who was born about 1767. If so, this would not be his first wife.
Note: in 1840, “Lars Kromand’s widow,” 61, lodger, spinner, is listed in GESING, “en Otting,” household number 7. This is likely Karen Pedersdatter. Listed just after her name is Maren Larsdatter, 23, unmarried, “her daughter.” They are living in the household of Anne Kathrine Thyges, 45, married, “indsidder, knipler.”
Note: in 1834, Niels Kromand, 33, unmarried, “tjenestefolk” (servant/employee), is living in the household of Hans Jacob Pedersen, 41, “gaardmand” (farmer). This is a farm, household number 20. This is likely the brother of our ancestor Hans Christian Kromann. Niels Kromann is #3472 (born abt 1801).
Note: in 1840, Niels Kromand, 40, unmarried, “arbeidskarl” (laborer), is living in a house, household number 13, in Skaerbaek Parish, but this time he is in an area to the east of Skaebaek called “Vester Gasse” or “Westergasse). Again, this is likely the brother of our ancestor Hans Christian Kromann. Niels Kromann is #3472 (born abt 1801).
[Additional note: Niels Kromann, 61 (sic), unmarried, servant/employee, born Skaerbeck Parish in Haderslev County, is recorded on the 1855 census in Visby District at Visbyhedegard, a farm. There are 28 people listed in this “household.”]
Part II: Dostrup, Tonder County
In early August of 1830, our ancestor, Hans Christian Kromann, moved about 2 or 3 miles south of Skaeraek to Dostrup, Tonder County. On 28 August of that year, he married Anne Jensdatter in Dostrop. Four years later, they are included on the 1834 census, apparently in the home of Anne’s mother, Anne Else Kristensdatter.
The 1834 census for Dostrup: (written in Danish except the word “kongerigsk”)
[Tonder, Hojer og Lo, Dostrup (Kongerigsk), Dostrup Sogn (parish),
place name: Dostrup Bye, a house, household 23]
Anne Else Kristensdatter 61 Enke [widow] Spinder [spinner]
[Hans] Kristian Kroemann 38 Bodker – Indsidder [cooper – lodger/tenant farmer]
Anne Jensdatter 31 his wife
Lars Jensen 3 their child
Jens Kristian Kroemann 1 their child
The 1840 census for Dostrup: (written in Danish except the word “kongerigsk”)
[Tonder, Hojer og Lo, Dostrup (Kongerigsk), place name: Dostrup Bye, a house,
household 34]
Christian Kromann 45 Inderste og Bodker [lodger/tenant farmer and cooper]
Anne Jensdatter 38 his wife
Lars J. Kromann 9 their child
Jens C. Kromann 7 their child (our ancestor)
Johanne Kromann 4 their child
Maren Kromann 2 their child
Part III: Vester Vedsted & Oster Vedsted, Ribe County
At some point, our ancestor, Jens C. Kromann, moved about 10 to 15 miles north to the parish of Vester Vedsted. There he married Martine Margrethe Jepsen on 15 July 1860. The parish records of Vester Vedsted and nearby Oster Vedsted show the following births:
Maren Jensen Kromann – per church records of Vester Vedsted Parish
born 5 Feb 1862
baptized 16 Feb 1862 in Vester Vedsted church
Ane Jensen Kromann – per church records of Vester Vedsted Parish
born 6 April 1864
baptized 14 June 1864 in Vester Vedsted church
1864 – Austria and Prussia declared war on Denmark and won. Schleswig went to Prussia and Holstein went to Austria.
Kristine Kromann was born August 1866 but no church record has been found. Also, no record of her confirmation has been found.
1867 – Prussia and Austria fought over the territory of Schleswig-Holstein. Prussia won.
Gebbine Kromann was born in September 1870. No church record for her birth has been found. Also, no record of her confirmation has been found. Because of the border disputes, it is likely that no records exist. However, she is listed on the 1880 census in a household in Vester Vedsted.
Peter Larsen Kromann -- per church records of Ribe Landsogn Parish – Oster Vedsted [Note: The records for Ribe Landsogn Parish, Oster Vedsted, begin with 1873. Was it a newly formed parish??]
born 6 March 1873 in
baptized 11 March 1873 at home
died 11 March 1873; buried 17 March 1873
Otto Larsen Kromann -- per church records of Ribe Landsogn Parish – Oster Vedsted
born 9 August 1874; baptized 20 Nov 1874
The mother of this family, Martine Margrethe Kromann (formerly Jepsen), died 31 May 1878 and was buried on 6 June 1878 as recorded in the church records of Oster Vedsted. Her family appears to have been well-rooted in the village of Vester Vedsted.
The 1880 census for Oster Vedsted: (written in the Danish language)
[Ribe County, Ribe District, Ribe Domkirke Landsogn Parish, Ostervedsted (place name), A FARM, household number 2] (They are one of two families living on this particular farm.)
WHERE BORN
Jens Kristian Kromann 46 widower Indsidder-Daglejer Slesvig
(lodger-day laborer)
Hansine Kristine Kromann 13 his child Slesvig
Otto Lassen Kromann 7 his child here in this parish
Three daughters are missing from their father’s household. Maren (about 18 years old) immigrated during this census year (arrived in New York in March 1880). Ane and Gebbine are living in households in nearby villages. According to the LDS Family History Library research outline for Denmark: It was common for young people to leave home at about the age of confirmation (ages 14 to 16) to earn their own living or prepare themselves to do so. A young girl might become a servant in a household or live with relatives to learn housekeeping.
Kristine Kromann may have stayed in her father’s house in order to care for her father and younger brother. She immigrated to America in 1881. She was about 15 years old. (See passenger list.)
Jens’ daughter, Ane Jensen Kromann (age 15), is listed on the 1880 census in the nearby village of Sonder Farup (it sits between Oster Vedsted and Vester Vedsted). She is a “tjenestefolk” (servant/employee) in the household (a farm) of Ane Maria Beck, formerly Nissen, 57, widow, head of the household and is a farmer’s widow. [Ribe County, Ribe District, Vester Vedsted Parish, Sonder Farup (place name), A FARM, household number 91.]
Gebbine Kromann (age 11) is listed on the 1880 census in Vester Vedsted. She is living as a servant/employee in the household of Niels Jessen, 44, his wife, 47, and a 75-year-old lady. This household is listed just after the household where Gebbine’s aunt and uncle and many cousins live, as well as her maternal grandfather, Jep Madsen Truelsen, age 80. We believe that Gebbine Kromann left Denmark about six years later when she was about 16 years old.
Otto Kromann emigrated from Denmark when he was about 13 years old (per information given by his son Estel). This would be about 1886 or 1887, so possibly he traveled with his sister Gebbine. One story is that he traveled with one of his sisters. Another story is that his sisters were already in the U.S. when he arrived. On his naturalization papers in America, Otto listed his last foreign residence as “Dastrap, Germany, likely referring to Dostrup, Prussia.
We know that the father, Jens C. Kromann, immigrated in 1887 and that no one else with the name of Kromann was listed on the same passenger list. Jens Kromann’s passenger information indicates that he was from Bredebro, Prussia. Bredebro is 5 miles south of Dostrup. I don’t know if this refers to the district of Bredebro or the specific village of that name.
[Note that Jens’ daughter Maren (Kromann) Hansen named her first daughter “Martina Margareta Hansen.” Kristine (Kromann) Rasmussen named her second daughter “Martina.” Gebbine (Kromann) Christiansen/Larsen gave birth to ten children (according to the 1910 census) but we only know the names of two of her girls: Ella Christiansen and Alvina Larsen. Otto did not have any daughters. Obviously Maren and Kristine named daughters after their mother, Martine Margrethe Kromann (formerly Jepsen), who had died in Denmark of tuberculosis at the age of 38.]
~o0o~
[I do not know what happened to Ane Jensen Kromann or whether she ever left Denmark.]
~o0o~
Note that Skaerbaek, Dostrup and Bredebro are all part of the area of the Duchy of Schleswig. This area changed hands between Denmark and Prussia (Germany) a number of times:
1848 -- Denmark began a war with Prussia over the status of Schlesvig and Holstein. The majority of the people in this area were German-speaking. Denmark won the war and Schleswig-Holstein became part of Denmark’s territory.
But over the next 16 years Denmark changed her mind several times.
1852 – The status of the territory reverted back to Prussian
1855 – The status of the territory reverted back to Denmark
1858 – This ruling was cancelled and the territory went back to Prussia
1863 – The ruling was reinstated; territory went back to Denmark
1864 – Austria and Prussia declared war on Denmark and won. Schleswig went to Prussia and Holstein went to Austria.
1867 – Prussia and Austria fought over the territory of Schleswig-Holstein. Prussia won.
(Source: “Historical Background: Denmark, Germany & the DKRL,” by Norma S. Keating. norma@yfcgensearch.com)
So after 1864, Schleswig was again part of Prussia. The present border between Denmark and Germany was established in 1920.]
Vester Vedsted and Oster Vedsted, where Jens Kromann married and raised his family, is north of the border of Schleswig and therefore was always a part of Danish territory. However, Dad (Jack Bolton) remembers his mother (Edna Rasmussen Bolton, whose mother was Kristine Kromann) telling a story about where Kristine Kromann was born. The story, roughly, was this:
The family lived in a house that was right on the border between Denmark and Prussia. Part of the house was in Denmark, part of the house was in Prussia. Kristine was born in the bedroom of that house and the bedroom was on the Prussia side of the border.
Dad cannot remember whether his mother meant this story to be taken literally or not. Interestingly, on the 1880 Danish census for Oster Vedsted, the place of birth of Kristine Kromann is listed as “Slesvig.”
~o0o~
Part IV: Store Darum
Kristine Kromann’s maternal grandfather, Jep Madsen Truelsen, married Maren Mortensdatter in 1830. Maren was from Store Darum, a village roughly 10 miles north of Vester Vedsted. Her father owned his own farm there, which was inherited by Maren’s brother, Lars Mortensen. Interestingly, Lars Mortensen’s wife was also from Vester Vedsted.
STORE DARUM CENSUSES
Ribe, Gørding, Darum, Storedarum Bye, Et Boelsted [a farm], 11, FT-1840
Name: Age: Marital status: Occupation in household: Occupation: Birth place:
Lars Hansen Mortensen 42 Gift Boelsmand og Dagleier [farmer and laborer]
[born ~1797 [brother of Maren Mortensdatter who married Jep Madsen Truelsen]
Else Marie Nielsdatter 38 Gift Hans Kone, Væverske
Kirsten Marie Larsdatter 13 Ugift Deres Børn
Niels Larsen 7 Ugift Deres Børn
Johanne Larsdatter 4 Ugift Deres Børn
Morten Larsen 2 Ugift Deres Børn
Johanne Larsdatter 70 Enke Aftægtsmoder [She is RIN 3493, born abt 1769]
[woman whose support is received after giving up an estate]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ribe, Gørding, Darum, Stordarum, Et Boelsted [a farm], 10, FT-1845
Name: Age: Marital status: Occupation in household: Occupation: Birth place:
Lars Hansen Mortensen 47 Gift Boelsmand,daglejer Darum
Else Marie Nielsdatter 43 Gift hans kone Væverske Vestervedsted Haderslev ??
Kirsten Marie Larsdatter 18 Ugift deres Børn Darum
Niels Larsen 12 Ugift deres Børn Darum
Johanne Larsen 9 Ugift deres Børn Darum
Morten Larsen 7 Ugift deres Børn Darum
Anders Larsen 5 Ugift deres Børn Darum
Niels Brorsen Larsen 3 Ugift deres Børn Darum
Johanne Larsdatter 75 Enke(mand) Aftægtskone og Moder Darum
[She is RIN 3493, born abt 1769]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ribe, Gørding, Darum, Stordarum, Midtgrandelaug, Et Boelsted, 32, FT-1850
Name: Age: Marital status: Occupation in household: Occupation: Birth place:
Lars Hansen Mortensen 53 Gift Boelsmand, Daglejer Darum Sogn, Ribe Amt
Else Marie Nielsen 49 Gift Hans Kone, Væverske Christiansfeld
Morten Larsen 13 Ugift Deres Søn Darum Sogn, Ribe Amt
Anders Larsen 10 Ugift Deres Søn Darum Sogn, Ribe Amt
Niels Brorsen Larsen 8 Ugift Deres Søn Darum Sogn, Ribe Amt
Johanne Larsdatter 82 Enke Hans Moder, Aftægtskone Darum Sogn, Ribe Amt
[She is RIN 3493, born abt 1769]
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