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Ed,
Thanks for the information that you posted. My reference is that of the Virginia State Library Archivist, Morgan Poitiaux Robinson, who presented all of the Virginia County formation dates in the Bulletin of the Virginia State Library, Vol. 9, January, April, July, 1916. Nos. 1, 2, and 3. "Virginia Counties: Those Resulting from Virginia Legislation." In fact, Mr. Robinson traveled to England, where the original records were held, and included information in his 1916 bulletin, theretofore not included in Hening's Statutes.
Yes, the area known as "Chickacoun" was formed into Northumberland County in 1648 (not 1645); and Lancaster was formed in 1651 from both Northumberland and York Counties. The reference supporting that both Northumberland and York were the parent counties of Lancaster, is included in data concerning the early history of Lancaster County, provided by Doctor Lyon G. Tyler, of Williamsburg, Va., to Mr. Robinson, Virginia State Library Archivist, and is quoted as follows:
"The books in the Land Office show that the land in Lancaster County was previously in Northumberland and York. The first court was held January 1, 1651/52. It was probably formed at an assembly held in 1651, whose records are not preserved." Of note is that the Virginia State Library is the official holding area, reference, and final authority for the history of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
The 1652 "English Commonwealth Period" map, which included Lancaster County, shows the county across the Piankatank River from Gloucester County (formed from York County in 1651). As far as I am able to determine, the "Chickacoun" area bordered the Rappahannock River, and the area between the Rappahannock River and Piankatank River was originally a part of Charles River County (became York County in 1642/43). So I still support my earlier posting e.g. Lancaster County was formed from York County and Northumberland County. But I have noted your posting and will conduct further research as to the southern most point the "Chickacoun" area included. Your point is well taken.
An added note is that boats were certainly a necessity for transportation in Virginia, the bateau being a major form of waterway transportation in those early years. So Bill Gann's remark is well founded and applied just about everywhere in Virginia, particularly since most of the counties have one or more rivers dividing them from other counties. But most of the rivers were navigable by boat, the Chesapeake Bay being the major hurdle if one wanted to traverse to the Eastern Shore area.
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