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JUST SOME EXCERPTS about history of cotton mill from different websites.
http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=219360
HISTORY.COM
ENCYCLPEDIA PITTSBURGH
Following the American Revolution, Pittsburgh grew as an outfitting point for settlers heading west. In about 1792, George Anshutz (1753–1837) built a blast furnace here, the initial step in developing the city's great iron and steel industry, the main growth of which came after 1850. In 1797 Pittsburgh's first glass factory was constructed, and in 1804 the first cotton-textile factory was established in the city. In 1834 the opening of the Pennsylvania Canal and the Portage Railroad, both of which linked the city with Philadelphia, brought increased commerce to Pittsburgh. A fire destroyed much of the city in 1845, and a flood in 1936 caused much damage.
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http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3H76
ALLEGHENY COTTON MILL STRIKES in Pennsylvania Historical Markers
Quick Description: The Allegheny Cotton Mill Strikes Historical Marker is located at Allegheny Landing, north side, near 6th St. Bridge and Isabella St., Pittsburgh
PICTURE OF SIGN
ALLEGHENY COTTON MILL STRIKES
Major strikes by women cotton factory workers protesting 12 hour work days occurred nearly in Allegheny City in 1845 & 1848. The strikes led to an 1848 state law limiting workdays to 10 hours and prohibiting children under twelve years of age from working in cotton and textile mills.
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http://www.iup.edu/page.aspx?id=61005
IUP INDIANA UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
The cotton mill strikes of 1845 and 1848 in the City of Allegheny (now the Northside of Pittsburgh) were important events in the history of the struggle of workers for a legal limitation on the hours of work. The struggle in Pittsburgh was linked to similar battles in New England, especially Massachusetts. A movement to restrict the hours of work in textile factories gained momentum and spearheaded a broader movement to restrict and regulate the hours of work that eventually led to mass upheavals for the eight-hour day in the 1880s and culminated in the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
In September of 1845, a strike of five thousand operatives lasted nearly a month and led to a major confrontation when Blackstock's factory was forcibly entered and strikebreakers ejected by the striking women. The wages paid both men and boys exceeded that paid to "girls" of all ages, substantially.
This event and mass agitation in New England helped propel the passage of ten-hour day reform legislation in New Hampshire in 1847 and in Pennsylvania and Maine in 1848. In Pennsylvania, this legislation was to come into effect on July Fourth, Independence Day, but a clause in the Pennsylvania legislation allowed employers to draw up individual contracts with workers for more than ten hours, effectively waiving their rights under the law. When the female workers of Allegheny refused to sign these contracts, the mills closed. After a month, one of the factories attempted to reopen with women willing to sign an individual contract and with children whose parents were allowed to sign for them. The act also made the employment of children under twelve in the textile mills illegal, though poorly enforced.
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http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews/articleid/3526582
iSTOCK ANALYST
Oil Boom: Pittsburgh Was Nation's First Petroleum Capital
Sunday, October 04, 2009 3:50 PM
Lewis Peterson Jr. of Allegheny City, now the North Side, owned an interest in a salt well in Tarentum and, at one point, offered a reward for anyone who could use the excess oil.
Later, he solved the problem himself. Peterson had owned a cotton-spinning business that was destroyed in Pittsburgh's great fire of 1845. Later that year, he took petroleum to the Hope Cotton Factory off Lacock Street, near where Allegheny Center is now, and the managers there found it worked better for lubricating cotton spindles than the commonly used whale oil.
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http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Allegheny_County/Pittsburgh_City.html
Living Places by the Gombach Group
Pittsburgh, as Described ca. 1940
Selected text, below, transcribed from Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State, 1940, Writer's Program of the Works Progress Administration.
PITTSBURGH (744 alt., 669,817 pop.), Pennsylvania's second city of importance and one of the great steel centers of the world, embraces the forks where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers unite to form the Ohio. Named for the great British statesman, the elder William Pitt, this city in western Pennsylvania had as its origin a cluster of log cabins and huts erected near Fort Pitt after 1758...
By 1809 the town had 44 cotton-weaving establishments, a glass works, a large brewery, and several tanyards. A tin factory employed 28 persons, a nail factory 30, and a cotton factory 12; 30 workmen were employed in shipbuilding, about 50 in boatbuilding, and 30 in the ropewalks. Power-driven machinery was introduced west of the Allegheny Mountains in 1809 when Oliver Evans put a steam engine to work in the gristmill run by his son. In 1811 the New Orleans, built in Pittsburgh, the first steamboat on western waters, steamed down the rivers to Louisiana, opening a new era of transportation. At the same time turnpikes were built to connect the town with Washington, Greensburg, Wheeling, Butler, and neighboring communities. The Pittsburgh-Harrisburg turnpike was opened in 1817, and during the next 10 years hard-surfaced pikes were laid out along routes followed today. In 1816 the town was incorporated as a city, with Ebenezer Denny as its first mayor.
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http://www.makara.us/04mdr/01writing/03tg/bios/Carnegie.htm
ANDREW CARNEGIE copyright MICHAEL D. ROBBINS 2005
Has his astrological chart (which I don’t believe in). But he also has the life of Andrew Carnegie - very thorough.
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http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?type=simple;c=hswpead;view=text;subview=outline;didno=US-QQS-MSS205
SERIES I SELECT COUNCIL, MINUTES, 1840-1907
The Select Council Minutes are housed in 13 bound volumes and are arranged in chronological order...
...At the meeting of August 3, 1848, the Council passed a resolution condemning the actions of rioters at the Penn Cotton Factory, and authorizing additional means to the mayor for keeping the peace..
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