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Not a slamdunk decision, but here's my opinion. There are mainly 2 firms, Family Tree Dna and Ancestry. Basically, the former has a better database, the latter at present a better price, but go to each website and review the details carefully. Neither has lots of Carlocks with which to compare. It thus depends on what you/your son wants to find out and you need to educate yourself to determine this. If you just wish to see how close he is to Marion Pomeroy Carlock's line, pick Ancestry, my results are there and my test is close to Carlocks etc worldwide. If there is concern that he may not biologically be a Cearlock/Carlock/Gerlach etc. maybe FTDNA would be a better pick. Because then he might have a better chance of getting a match, finding out who his male line likely is. If price is not a concern go with FTDNA. It is slightly easier to compare FTDNA haplotypes to results of other firms than the reverse. Either way we can still compare our results.
IMHO, he needs to do at least the 35/37 marker y test. The problem with both of firms' databases is they contain many 25-or-less marker testers, and those are too few to be statistically very helpful. The maternal testing is not very helpful. The test is very simple. You pay, get a kit in the mail, swab inside the cheeks, send it back and wait a couple of weeks. Then the fun begins.
Remember that even if he gets a perfect match with another, it may be difficult to prove relation unless there is a paper trail. The test does >not< prove relation alone but can trump the paper. Example: fictional Greatgranpa ZZZ with 4 sons, has a paper pedigree that shows him to be the linear descendant of the great Moravian king ZZZ. Male line descendants of all 4 sons do the test. 2 have perfect matches and a near match with a paternal cousin. But another descendant, with clear pedigree to GGF ZZZ has a haplotype that is 6 markers off, and a close match to GGF's neighbor XXX's descendant who also is a milkman just like his GGF. You know what this means. If you can't face such a possibility, don't do the test.
The 4th son descendant has a 35/37 match but off in two of what are called the fast markers. This is nearly the same as an exact match. The probability is that the first two tests accurately reflect ZZZ's haplotype but it could be slightly different.
What I'm trying to say is that this frequently is not a all-or-nothing result and may need some interpretation/ more testing by other relatives/and or waiting until a random tester happens to match and then try to connect the lines. But it is a lot of fun, and does an invaluable service by documenting that part of the Cearlock line, which otherwise might die off if he has no sons. Amazing links have been found. But sometimes there can be disappointment and frustration. Read up on it. Then ask me again.
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